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Monday, October 31, 2011

Etymology of name



series of articles on
Jesus
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“Jesus” is a transliteration, occurring in a number of languages and based on the Latin Iesus, of the Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), itself a Hellenisation of the Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ(Yĕhōšuă‘Joshua) or Hebrew-Aramaic יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûă‘).meaning "Yahweh delivers (or rescues)".[31][32]
The etymology of the name Jesus is generally explained by Christians as "God's salvation" usually expressed as "Yahweh saves",[33][34][35] "Yahweh is salvation"[36][37] and at times as "Jehovah is salvation".[38] The name Jesus appears to have been in use in Judaea at the time of the birth of Jesus.[38][39] Philo's reference (Mutatione Nominum item 121) indicates that the etymology of Joshua was known outside Judaea at the time.[40]
In the New Testament, in Luke 1:26-33 the angel Gabriel tells Mary to name her child Jesus, and in Matthew 1:21 an angel tells Joseph to name the child Jesus. The statement in Matthew 1:21 "you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins" associates salvific attributes to the name Jesus in Christian theology.[41][42]
"Christ" (/ˈkrst/) is derived from the Greek Χριστός (Khristós) meaning "the anointed one", a translation of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Māšîaḥ), usually transliterated intoEnglish as Messiah.[43][44] In the Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible (written well over a century before the time of Jesus), the word Christ was used to translate into Greek the Hebrew word Māšîaḥ.[45] In Matthew 16:16Apostle Peter's profession: "You are the Christ" identifies Jesus as the Messiah.[46] In post-biblical usage Christ became a name, one part of the name "Jesus Christ", but originally it was a title (the Messiah) and not a name.[47]

Jesus


Jesus
Jesus as Good Shepherd.
Jesus as Good Shepherd (stained glass at St John's Ashfield).
Born7–2 BC/BCE[1]
BethlehemJudaeaRoman Empire(traditional);
NazarethGalilee (modern critical scholarship)[2]
Died30–36 AD/CE[3][4][5][6][7]
CalvaryJudaeaRoman Empire(according to the New Testament, he rose on the third day after his death.)
Cause of deathCrucifixion
Resting placeTraditionally and temporarily, agarden tomb in Jerusalem[8]
NationalityIsraelite
EthnicityJewish
Home townNazarethGalileeRoman Empire
ReligionJudaism
ParentsFatherGod (Christian view)
virginal conception (Islamic view)
Joseph (other views)
MotherSaint Mary
Adoptive fatherSaint Joseph
Jesus of Nazareth, commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure of Christianity. Most Christian denominations venerate him as God the Son incarnated and believe that he rose from the dead after being crucified.[9][10] The principal sources of information regarding Jesus are the four canonical gospels,[11] and most biblical scholars find them useful for reconstructing Jesus' life and teachings.[12][13][14][15] Scholars have correlated the New Testament accounts with non-Christian historical records to arrive at an estimated chronologyfor the major episodes in the life of Jesus.[16][5] [3][17]
Most critical historians agree that Jesus was a Galilean Jewish Rabbi who was regarded as a teacher and healer in Judaea,[18] that he was baptized byJohn the Baptist, and that he was crucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman PrefectPontius Pilate, on the charge of sedition against the Roman Empire.[19] Critical Biblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Jesus as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the historical Jesus consider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating a future apocalypse.[20] Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "Kingdom of God" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.[20]
Christians traditionally believe that Jesus was born of a virgin,[10]:529–32 performed miracles,[10]:358–59 founded the Churchrose from the dead, andascended into heaven,[10]:616–20 from which he will return.[10]:1091–109 The majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, and "the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity".[21] A few Christian groups, however, reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.[21][22]Most Christian scholars today present Jesus as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God,[23] arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.[24]
Judaism rejects assertions that Jesus was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh.[25] In Islam, Jesus (in Arabicعيسى‎ in Islamic usage, commonly transliterated as Isa) is considered one of God's important prophets,[26][27] a bringer of scripture, and the product of a virgin birth, but not to have experienced crucifixion.[28] Islam and the Bahá'í Faith use the title "Messiah" for Jesus,[29][30] but do not teach that he was God incarnate.

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